Important technical terms

Calibration
For measuring devices it means the adjustment of the display accuracy of an instrument by comparing it to a test device.

Casing
Tube for lining the drill hole of deep wells, to protect it from collapsing. Casings belong to the subsurface oil field tubes.

Certificate
Inspection certificate.

Certificate
Proof of a successful certification.

Certificate of compliance with the order
In the certificate of compliance with the order, the manufacturing or processing plant confirms by means of a text without expressly stated test results that the product delivered complies with the agreements of the order.

Certification
Certification means to certify the product or a service the conformity with certain technical rules and process flows by an independent third person.

Check analysis
Is the examination of the chemical composition of the finished product.

Chemical composition
Informs about the components of a matter, in a quantitative as well as in a qualitative manner. The chemical composition of steel gives an insight into the content of its alloying and accompanying elements. It is permanently monitored during the steel production process.

Chemical testing
Are examinations, which describe the chemical composition of the material to be examined.

CHI-phase
Undesired, embrittling metallic phase, which can precipitate from stainless steels at temperatures around 475 °C.

CMTR
The Certified Material Test Report is a certificate for material required according to ASME-Code Section III, which confirms, that the material complies with the specified requirements, including the results of all required analyses, tests and examinations.

Coil
Coiled strip, steel tube or wire.

Cold-formed tube
Is produced by cold drawing or cold pilger rolling of hot-formed tube hollows.

Cold forming
That means a forming, which takes place below the re-crystallization temperature like e.g. cold drawing or cold pilger rolling.

Continuous furnace
The continuous furnace is a thermal facility, which allows a thermal treatment of step-wise or step-less continuous hot material. Strips and wires are drawn through the furnace chamber of the drawing furnaces; heavy semi finished products (slabs and billets) are slid one step across the hearth area of the pusher type furnace with the pushing-in of a new successive part. In the roller hearth furnace, the annealing material is transported by cooled hearth rollers, which are driven from outside. In the walking beam furnace, there are two beam systems available, which in succession lift the annealing material, carry it ahead, set it down and then swing back. The annular rotary hearth furnace is mounted on rollers and separated into individual chambers; they are charged from outside and emptied again after one complete rotation.

Corrosion
Destruction of materials by chemical or electrochemical attacks to the component surface. The surface can be protected from corrosion by utilizing very pure materials, by certain alloying additions or by special surface treatment (painting with a protective layer, coating with corrosion-resistant material).

It is the task of corrosion tests, to determine the resistance of materials in certain media, to detect their susceptibility for corrosion types and to check the effectiveness of corrosion protection measures. The test conditions have to be adjusted to the practical circumstances as far as possible. That applies to the state and the surface condition of the material as well as the composition and temperature of the electrolyte. Especially the duration of the test has to be aligned with the practical duration of use as far as possible, because the transfer of the results from short-term tests to the long-term behavior can result in misinterpretations.

CPT value
The critical pitting temperature is a measure for the resistance of a material against pitting (in chloride-containing media), i.e. that highest temperature, at which according to ASTM G48 there still is no pitting corrosion at the sample after 24 hours in a 6 % iron chloride solution. The higher the CPT value, the better the pitting resistance.

Crystal lattice
Is the designation of the regular spatial arrangement of atoms in the crystal. The metal iron (Fe), which forms the basic microstructure in steel, can - depending on temperature - assume two different lattice forms: cubic body centered and cubic face centered. In cubic crystal systems the smallest lattice component is cube-shaped and the atoms seem to be positioned on the corners of the cube. In the cubic body centered lattice, one further atom is positioned on the cube diagonal of the cube and in the cubic face centered lattice there is one atom respectively on the face diagonals.

Cubic body centered
Is the designation for a cube-shaped space lattice, for which in addition to the atoms at the eight corners one further atom is positioned in the interior - i.e. on the cube diagonal.

Cubic face centered
Is the designation for a cube-shaped space lattice, for which in addition of the eight atoms at the corners one further atom is positioned in the middle of the cube faces respectively - i.e. on each face diagonal.